Positive Value Leadership™ | One common foundation

Globally applicable. Locally deployable.

One defined Positive Values framework for every country, culture and context. The 24 Values and six Exemplars remain consistent; people learn how to exercise them where they find themselves in life.

A common foundation for positive impact

Is Positive Value Leadership globally applicable?

Yes. PVL is designed to be globally applicable and locally deployable. Its 24 Positive Values are defined as a common foundation for judgement, conduct and positive impact. Their meanings remain consistent as people move between countries, cultures, organisations, responsibilities and stages of life.

PVL is IOWL’s framework for leadership and positive impact. People can engage with its defined Values from religious or non-religious backgrounds. The global alignment matrix explores recognisable connections across traditions and contemporary frameworks, each considered in its own context.

IOWL takes a politically agnostic approach to PVL and Perpetual Calibre Development (PCD). Leadership is examined through conduct, judgement, the responsible use of power and resources, and its effects on people and the wider world. The same 24 defined Values and six Principles apply across countries and systems of governance.

The Values have been purposefully selected to form an efficacious and usable foundation for positive impact personally, organisationally, societally and globally. The model connects the quality of a person's choices with their effects on other people, institutions, communities and the wider world.

The design ambition is broad recognition: a person encountering the framework in any country, culture or context should be able to see a sensible, constructive foundation in it. They may wish to add further positive values. Those additions can enrich the foundation while retaining all 24 defined Values and the six integrated Exemplars.

A common baseline that people can add to.
A defined foundation that remains consistent wherever it is deployed.

The developmental task is to explore which Values are most challenging to exercise in the circumstances a person actually faces, and to develop the judgement and agency needed to live them. The learner's circumstances are the setting in which the defined Values must be exercised.

PersonallyChoices, self-awareness, responsibility and relationships.
OrganisationallyConduct, decisions, people, information and resources.
SocietallyDignity, participation, trust and shared consequences.
GloballyInterdependence, stewardship and effects across boundaries.
Global values. Local deployment.

The foundation stays defined.
The challenge is lived locally.

There is a useful parallel with glocalisation: a global foundation put to work in a local setting. In PVL, local deployment concerns faithful explanation, relevant examples, accessible learning and the practical exercise of the Values. The 24 definitions and six Principles provide the common reference throughout.

What remains consistent and what local deployment addresses.
ElementThe common foundationThe local task
MeaningThe same 24 defined Positive Values and six Principle statements.Explain or translate them as faithfully as possible; check that the intended commitment survives translation.
InterpretationThe defined Value remains the explicit reference for judging conduct.Ask how the person understands the situation; examine language, relationships and assumptions without stereotyping.
DevelopmentA commitment to developing and exercising the whole framework.Identify which Values are more challenging in this person's present life, role, country or culture.
ActionThe same positive commitments guide judgement and conduct.Choose credible actions that meet those commitments within the actual circumstances.
VerificationUse the same Values and Principles to evaluate reasons, conduct and consequences.Check evidence and affected people's experience; do not mistake unfamiliar expression for absence of a Value.
ReflectionExamine conduct and consequences against the defined Values.Learn from the experience and strengthen future action as circumstances change.

Addressing ethical relativism

PVL does not treat local approval or established custom as sufficient to make conduct positive. It makes its normative commitments explicit through 24 defined Values and six Principles, then tests conduct and consequences against the same reference. Cultural difference is a fact to investigate, not a licence to dispense with the framework.

Preventing contextual misunderstanding

Equally, a familiar cultural expression must not become the only acceptable demonstration of a Value. Direct and indirect communication, public and private questioning, and individual and collective contributions can serve comparable positive purposes. PVL asks what was meant, done and experienced before reaching judgement.

The question becomes: which of these defined Values is hardest for me to exercise where I find myself now, and what will I do about it?

Local deployment preserves the framework. It does not authorise a local version of the definitions, the removal of inconvenient Values or the use of custom to excuse conduct that conflicts with the common baseline.

The deeper cross-cultural question

One positive value.
Different cultural expressions.

Recognition is not the same as interpretation; interpretation is not the same as conduct. People may recognise Honesty, Humility, Questioning or Equitability as positive yet use different words, expectations and forms of behaviour to express them. A shared word alone does not guarantee a shared understanding; an unfamiliar behaviour does not prove that a Value is absent.

IOWL's aim is to address two different risks at once: ethical relativism, in which conduct is treated as justified merely because a group accepts it, and contextual misunderstanding, in which a culturally familiar style is incorrectly treated as the only valid way of living a Value.

Risk 01

Ethical relativism

The mistake: “It is acceptable here, therefore it must be positive.”

PVL's response: keep the full set of defined Values and Principles as the common normative reference. Consider the individual's reasons, available evidence, conduct, relevant rights and responsibilities, and foreseeable or actual consequences; do not equate custom with ethical justification.

Risk 02

Contextual misunderstanding

The mistake: “It is unfamiliar to me, therefore the Value is missing.”

PVL's response: ask what a person meant, why that form of conduct was chosen, who could participate and how others experienced it. Distinguish the intended ethical commitment from the culturally shaped expression, without presuming that any one nationality or tradition has a uniform practice.

One defined ethical reference. Different possible expressions. Evidence-led judgement about what the conduct actually achieves.

Four questions, in the right order

01 · Definition

What is the commitment?

Begin with the authoritative wording of the relevant PVL Value and its Exemplar Principle. Do not change it to suit convenience or local preference.

02 · Understanding

What does it mean here?

Explore language, intent, history, social relationships and the individual's own account. Check translations rather than assuming identical connotations.

03 · Expression

How is it demonstrated?

Look at what the person actually does, what alternatives exist and which voices or perspectives may have been overlooked.

04 · Accountability

Does it uphold the Values?

Test evidence, likely and actual consequences, impacts on others, and tensions with other PVL Values. Remain willing to revise an initial interpretation.

Comparison: different expressions, a consistent test

These hypothetical situations illustrate possibilities, not established descriptions of how whole countries, cultural groups or traditions behave. In each case, either expression might be positive, inadequate or harmful depending on the facts.

Six representative Values, one from each PVL Exemplar. The official definitions remain in the 24 Values section below.
PVL ValuePossible expression APossible expression BThe common ethical test
HonestyProbityA direct, public and factually accurate correction.A truthful, carefully framed private correction.Is the account accurate, trustworthy and free from deception or material concealment? Is any confidentiality legitimate?
HumourPotencyLight-hearted humour during group discussion.Gentle humour in a trusted one-to-one relationship.Is it culturally and contextually appropriate, constructive and free from humiliation or exclusion?
Culturally AwarePlanetAsking an individual explicitly about their assumptions and preferences.Building understanding through observation and considered dialogue over time.Have we examined our own assumptions and taken genuine steps to understand this person's perceptions, rather than relying on a group stereotype?
HumilityPeopleOpenly admitting limitations and seeking criticism.Demonstrating restraint and quietly inviting others' insights.Is there self-awareness, perspective-taking, openness and an absence of unwarranted self-importance?
QuestioningPerceptionChallenging a proposal in a group meeting.Asking substantive questions privately or through an appropriate intermediary.Is intellectual curiosity encouraged, can concerns genuinely be raised, and is diversity of thought considered?
CollaborativeParticipationA structured, individual-led working group with explicit contributions.A relationship-led process built through extended collective consultation.Are relationships developed across boundaries and is the work genuinely directed towards positive outcomes for all?

A boundary matters: cultural understanding cannot automatically excuse deception, cruelty, unjust exclusion or avoidable harm. Nor does a difference of manner prove unethical conduct. The issue is whether a credible, evidence-informed application of the complete PVL framework supports the judgement.

Go deeper: philosophy of language, interpretation and evidence

Jacques Derrida challenges assumptions that words and texts carry a single, context-free interpretation. His work on deconstruction can prompt IOWL to ask whose assumptions guide the reading of a Value and what its conventional expression leaves out. It does not establish that every interpretation is equally defensible or that PVL's 24 Values have been empirically validated. [57]

Hermeneutics provides another perspective: how language, history and pre-understanding shape our interpretations of another person's words or conduct. It encourages clarification rather than projecting our own customary meaning onto others. [58]

Shalom H. Schwartz's cross-cultural research offers a complementary empirical approach to studying common value structures and differences in priorities. His findings concern Schwartz's constructs, not validation of PVL's distinct set of 24 Values. [59]

Ethical relativism itself has several philosophical meanings. Observing that cultures differ is not logically the same as claiming that moral justification depends entirely on local acceptance. IOWL's response is an explicit practical and normative position: its common framework provides a basis for assessment, while its claimed global applicability remains open to critical investigation. [56]

Recognisable connections around the world

Explore the global alignment matrix.

PVL is IOWL’s defined framework. Its Values can be considered alongside a wide range of cultural traditions, faiths, philosophies and public frameworks. The matrix places those comparisons on equal terms: each row identifies a particular source and context.

Connections across traditions. One consistent PVL foundation.

A comparison shows where a concern is recognisable elsewhere. It does not make that tradition the foundation of PVL, require its beliefs, or imply its endorsement. The 24 definitions and six Principles remain the common reference.

The comparisons concern the selected behaviours and values. They carry no endorsement of a source organisation’s wider political, religious or philosophical positions.

These are qualitative judgements about alignment with the defined Value, based on the selected evidence. They are not scores for countries or cultures. A close connection concerns a central behaviour; a partial connection covers a specific aspect; an indirect connection needs an additional interpretive step.

The selection spans African regions, Asia, Europe, the Americas, Australia, Arctic and Pacific communities, with an international environmental framework applying in Antarctica. Each account keeps its own identity and scope.

This edition: 37 traditions and frameworks · 888 intersections reviewed · 507 supported connections · 381 reviewed without a clear connection · 0 not assessed.

  • Close alignment
  • Partial alignment
  • Indirect connection
  • Reviewed: no clear connection

R means reviewed: no clear connection in the selected passages. It does not mean a tradition lacks, rejects or cannot support a Value. R is a review outcome, not a weaker alignment grade. “Not assessed” is reserved for work without a completed review. Source coverage varies; the matrix cannot rank traditions or infer population behaviour.

Expand the matrix to see all 24 Value columns at once.All 24 Value columns fit across this view. Scroll vertically for more traditions. Choose an Exemplar for larger squares on a small screen. Hover or focus a square for a summary; click or tap for the evidence and its limits. Use the arrow keys to move between squares. Column colours identify the six PVL Exemplars; square colours identify the alignment category.

Matrix revision 2026.10.20-r08

Showing all 37 traditions and frameworks, with all 24 Values.

Selected global comparisons with the 24 defined Positive Leadership Values. Rows are alphabetical; every assessment is an IOWL comparative interpretation.
Tradition or frameworkSelected source and contextProbityPotencyPlanetPeoplePerceptionParticipation
JudgementStrengthIntegrityHonestyPerseveranceAuthenticityInspirationHumourHygieneOpen MindedCulturally AwareInternationally MindedHumilityEmpathyHumanityEquitabilityObservantQuestioningCommunicativeInformation AwareCoachAccessibleConnectedCollaborative
Akan ethicsWest Africa · Ghana · Kwame Gyekye’s accountAuthored philosophical account
Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and TanastNorth Africa · Morocco · UNESCO’s local accountCommunity practices
Andean reciprocity: ayni and minkaSouth America · Peru · a contemporary institutional accountInstitutional account of community practices
Anishinaabe teachingsNorth America · Seven Generations Education InstituteCommunity educational account
Antarctic environmental cooperationAntarctica · Antarctic Treaty Environmental ProtocolInternational environmental framework
Aristotelian virtue ethicsEurope / Mediterranean · selected Nicomachean Ethics passagesEthical philosophy
Bahá’í teachingIranian origins and worldwide · selected community textsFaith teaching
Buddhist teachingAsia and worldwide · Pāli canon, SN 45.8Selected faith texts
Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policySouth America · National Assembly of EcuadorPublic-policy account
Christian teachingWorldwide · Philippians 2:3–4Selected faith texts
Confucian thoughtEast Asia and wider communities · Analects 16–17Ethical philosophy
Council of EuropeEurope · selected competence descriptionsSelected institutional competences
Daoist teachingChinese tradition and worldwide · Tao-te ChingEthical philosophy
Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwaSoutheast Asia · Philippines · UP CIDS scholarly accountScholarly account of relational concepts
Hindu teachingSouth Asia and worldwide · Bhagavad Gītā 16.1–2Selected faith texts
Humanism: Amsterdam DeclarationInternational secular framework · Humanists International, 2022Contemporary ethical declaration
Indonesian mutual help: gotong royongSoutheast Asia · Indonesia · a 2020 cooperation initiativeContemporary application of a community practice
Inuit societal valuesArctic / North America · Nunavut’s public accountCommunity values in a public framework
Islamic teachingWorldwide · Qur’an 4:135 and 49:13Selected faith texts
Jain teachingSouth Asia and worldwide · JAINA accountsFaith teaching
Japan: educational purposesAsia · MEXT account of the Basic Act on EducationEducational purposes
Jewish rabbinic teachingWorldwide · Pirkei Avot 1:6 and 4:1Selected rabbinic teachings
Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak SachaAmazonia / South America · Sarayaku, EcuadorCommunity-authored account
Māori concepts in educationOceania · Aotearoa New Zealand Ministry of EducationCommunity concepts in education
OECD: global competenceInternational educational framework · PISA, 2018Educational framework
Oromo ethics: nagaa and SafuuEast Africa · Ethiopia · Jimma University scholarly accountScholarly account of a tradition
Pacific engagement: YavuPacific / Oceania · Ministry for Pacific Peoples, Aotearoa New ZealandContemporary engagement framework
Sikh teachingSouth Asia and worldwide · SGPC Main PrinciplesFaith community account
Singapore: early-learning valuesAsia · Ministry of Education, Nurturing Early LearnersEarly-childhood framework
Stoic ethics: EpictetusMediterranean origins and worldwide · EnchiridionEthical philosophy
UbuntuAfrica · South African Government accountPublic account of a tradition
UN Global CompactInternational · organisational responsibilitiesInternational organisational framework
UNESCO: cultural diversityInternational declaration · 2001International declaration
VIA character strengthsInternational psychological classification · VIA InstituteContemporary psychological framework
WHO: hand-hygiene guidanceInternational health framework · 2009Practical health framework
Wiradjuri: yindyamarraAustralia · Michael McDaniel’s account, AIATSISCommunity teaching
Zoroastrian teachingIranian and Parsi traditions worldwide · FEZANA accountFaith community account
How to read these judgements

Each assessment compares the cited passage with the official PVL definition, rather than relying on a shared word alone. Close, partial and indirect describe the closeness of the connection. They do not express a statistical probability, the importance of the Value in a culture, or the quality of a tradition.

A fourth outcome records completed reviews without a clear connection. R means that the selected evidence does not support assigning C, P or I. It is not opposition, an absence claim about the whole tradition, or an extra weak-alignment category. Narrow practical sources naturally support fewer connections than broad ethical texts.

The notes separate source evidence, IOWL’s interpretation and the boundary of the claim. This is an illustrative editorial mapping, not an exhaustive systematic review, an independent expert consensus or empirical validation of PVL. All intersections in this edition have a recorded source-bounded review. Wider sources and community or scholarly review may extend or revise the comparisons while the PVL definitions remain fixed.

This global selection includes sources associated with Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania, Arctic communities, and international environmental cooperation in Antarctica. Countries contain diverse communities, and traditions cross borders. A row never represents every person from its country, community or faith.

Read the four Values within each Exemplar together and refer to its full Principle below. The matrix does not separately rate or validate the six integrated Principles.

Not assessed is reserved for an intersection without a completed review. There are no such cells in this edition. A completed review without sufficient support is explicitly marked R.

Read all the matrix evidence as text

These notes also make the comparisons available without interactive pop-ups. Each link identifies the source and passage.

Akan ethics

West Africa · Ghana · Kwame Gyekye’s account · Authored philosophical account

Selection reviewed: Selected Akan maxims and Gyekye’s philosophical interpretation, especially sections 3–9. The author’s argument does not represent every African philosophy. [28]

Strength · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Perseverance · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Inspiration · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Questioning · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Akan ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [28]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

North Africa · Morocco · UNESCO’s local account · Community practices

Selection reviewed: Selected resource-management and water-sharing practices in the High Atlas, Anti-Atlas and southern Morocco. These practices do not stand for all Amazigh ethical thought. [30]

Strength · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Authenticity · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Humour · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Empathy · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Questioning · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Accessible · Amazigh stewardship: Agdal and Tanast

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [30]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

South America · Peru · a contemporary institutional account · Institutional account of community practices

Selection reviewed: The selected explanations of reciprocal help and collective community work. Wider Andean philosophies and the performance of the present-day programme are not assessed. [34]

Judgement · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Andean reciprocity: ayni and minka

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [34]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Anishinaabe teachings

North America · Seven Generations Education Institute · Community educational account

Selection reviewed: This educational account of the Seven Grandfather Teachings; not all Indigenous traditions. [11]

Perseverance · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Inspiration · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Internationally Minded · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Anishinaabe teachings

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [11]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Antarctic environmental cooperation

Antarctica · Antarctic Treaty Environmental Protocol · International environmental framework

Selection reviewed: Selected Protocol articles on protection, planning, scientific information, monitoring, cooperation and inspections. This is an international framework applying in Antarctica, rather than an Indigenous tradition. [47]

Judgement · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Close alignment

Source evidence: Prior assessment and sufficient information

Why this connects: Considering information and likely impacts before action is a central judgement behaviour.

Boundary of the comparison: The Protocol concerns environmental activities rather than every leadership decision.

Antarctic Treaty Secretariat · Environmental Protocol, Articles 2–3, 6 and 10–15 (opens in a new tab) [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Perseverance · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Culturally Aware · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Humility · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Equitability · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Information Aware · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Close alignment

Source evidence: Scientific information and monitoring

Why this connects: Using sufficient information and monitoring to inform action closely connects with an evidenced view.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a practical environmental information standard, not validation of PVL.

Antarctic Treaty Secretariat · Environmental Protocol, Articles 2–3, 6 and 10–15 (opens in a new tab) [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Collaborative · Antarctic environmental cooperation

Close alignment

Source evidence: Joint protection and response

Why this connects: Cooperation in research, planning and response is a central collaborative behaviour.

Boundary of the comparison: The comparison concerns specified obligations and practices, not proof of perfect implementation.

Antarctic Treaty Secretariat · Environmental Protocol, Articles 2–3, 6 and 10–15 (opens in a new tab) [47]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Aristotelian virtue ethics

Europe / Mediterranean · selected Nicomachean Ethics passages · Ethical philosophy

Selection reviewed: Books II, IV and VI in W. D. Ross’s translation. Connections are selective; status distinctions and the account of pride are not treated as equivalent to PVL. [41] [42] [43]

Inspiration · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [41] [42] [43]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Open Minded · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [41] [42] [43]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [41] [42] [43]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [41] [42] [43]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Accurate self-appraisal

Why this connects: Realistic appraisal of oneself connects with the self-understanding dimension.

Boundary of the comparison: The passage praises greatness of soul and criticises undue self-depreciation. This differs from an absence of self-importance; the limited overlap does not erase that tension.

Aristotle · IV.3: pride, self-appraisal and undue self-depreciation (opens in a new tab) [42]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Accessible · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [41] [42] [43]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Collaborative · Aristotelian virtue ethics

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [41] [42] [43]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Bahá’í teaching

Iranian origins and worldwide · selected community texts · Faith teaching

Selection reviewed: Selected passages on consultation and one human family. They have their own theological and institutional context; the comparison does not adopt that wider programme. [39] [40]

Humour · Bahá’í teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [39] [40]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Observant · Bahá’í teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [39] [40]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Buddhist teaching

Asia and worldwide · Pāli canon, SN 45.8 · Selected faith texts

Selection reviewed: Selected passages from SN 45.8 and DN 31 in the Pāli canon. The comparison includes reciprocal social duties while preserving the texts’ religious and historical contexts. [4] [48]

Judgement · Buddhist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [4] [48]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Open Minded · Buddhist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [4] [48]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Buddhist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [4] [48]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Buddhist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [4] [48]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Questioning · Buddhist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [4] [48]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Buddhist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [4] [48]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

South America · National Assembly of Ecuador · Public-policy account

Selection reviewed: A 2013 institutional account of the 2008 constitutional settlement, rather than all Andean thought. [12]

Judgement · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Partial alignment

Source evidence: The account foregrounds a plurinational and intercultural society.

Why this connects: Recognition of different cultural perspectives is relevant to understanding another person’s standpoint.

Boundary of the comparison: A constitutional description does not itself demonstrate individual cultural self-awareness.

National Assembly of Ecuador · Plurinational and intercultural society (opens in a new tab) [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Humanity · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self- and social-awareness, kindness and rejection of cruelty.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humanity.

Equitability · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Social provision and inclusion feature in its account of Buen Vivir.

Why this connects: Attention to participation and provision connects with opportunity and resources for all.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a public-policy comparison; outcomes and proportional provision are not evaluated here.

National Assembly of Ecuador · Social priorities (opens in a new tab) [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Observant · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Communicative · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with dialogue, shared feedback and participation in decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Information Aware · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Collaborative · Buen Vivir: Ecuadorian public policy

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [12]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Christian teaching

Worldwide · Philippians 2:3–4 · Selected faith texts

Selection reviewed: Selected New Testament passages: Philippians 2:3–4 and Romans 12:3–21. These are not a summary of every Christian tradition or interpretation. [9] [49]

Judgement · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Humour · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Observant · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Christian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [9] [49]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Confucian thought

East Asia and wider communities · Analects 16–17 · Ethical philosophy

Selection reviewed: Selected sayings in James Legge’s translation; not the whole Confucian tradition. [3]

Perseverance · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Humour · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Equitability · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Communicative · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with dialogue, shared feedback and participation in decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Accessible · Confucian thought

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [3]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Council of Europe

Europe · selected competence descriptions · Selected institutional competences

Selection reviewed: Selected descriptions from chapter 6 of the 2016 competence model. The comparison concerns these components within the source’s wider framework. [15] [20]

Honesty · Council of Europe

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [15] [20]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Inspiration · Council of Europe

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [15] [20]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Council of Europe

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [15] [20]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Council of Europe

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [15] [20]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Internationally Minded · Council of Europe

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Understanding a complex world

Why this connects: Attention to wider social and environmental interrelationships supports global awareness.

Boundary of the comparison: A complete personal global-responsibility commitment is not established by knowledge alone.

Council of Europe · Chapter 6: responsibility, self-efficacy, self-understanding and knowledge of the world (opens in a new tab) [20]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Coach · Council of Europe

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [15] [20]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Daoist teaching

Chinese tradition and worldwide · Tao-te Ching · Ethical philosophy

Selection reviewed: Selected chapters of Part II in James Legge’s translation. [25]

Judgement · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Humour · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Culturally Aware · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Equitability · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Information Aware · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Collaborative · Daoist teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [25]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Southeast Asia · Philippines · UP CIDS scholarly account · Scholarly account of relational concepts

Selection reviewed: Enriquez’s relational model and the paper’s discussion of shared perception and community help, printed pp. 5–9. The paper reports competing definitions and evidence; no single account is attributed to every Filipino. [32]

Judgement · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Relational trust

Why this connects: Developing trust offers a context for ethical leadership relationships.

Boundary of the comparison: Trust categories do not establish truthful self-concepts or openness by themselves.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Community help in hardship

Why this connects: Concern for people’s needs offers a connection with reducing harm.

Boundary of the comparison: The selected discussion does not establish a health practice or its effectiveness.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Insider context and interpretation

Why this connects: Examining how meanings are understood locally supports awareness of standpoint.

Boundary of the comparison: This scholarly discussion is not a complete personal cultural-awareness practice.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Shared identity

Why this connects: Recognising oneself in relation to others can challenge isolated self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: Absence of self-importance is an interpretation, not a synonym for kapwa.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Pakikiramdam and shared perception

Why this connects: Sensitivity to another person’s situation connects with perspective-taking.

Boundary of the comparison: The concepts retain meanings that are not identical to psychological empathy.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Humanity · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Shared humanity and relational care

Why this connects: Recognising another’s humanity supports kindness and social awareness.

Boundary of the comparison: Empirical accounts of exclusion complicate any claim of universal application in practice.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humanity.

Equitability · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Community assistance

Why this connects: Mutual assistance connects with attending to people’s needs.

Boundary of the comparison: Boundaries between insiders and outsiders prevent assuming equal provision to all.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Observant · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Sensitivity in relationships

Why this connects: Attending to interpersonal signals connects with observing others.

Boundary of the comparison: The complete protection and improvement purposes are not separately specified.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Communicative · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Modes of interpersonal engagement

Why this connects: Relational communication connects with engaged two-way exchange.

Boundary of the comparison: Feedback and shared decision authority are not established by every relational mode.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Information Aware · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Ways of entering relationships

Why this connects: Different modes of engagement offer a context for making contact possible.

Boundary of the comparison: Personal availability through suitable times and technologies is not directly prescribed.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Trust and involvement

Why this connects: Developing involvement and rapport connects with personal relationships.

Boundary of the comparison: The model is not equivalent to strategic or international networking.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Collaborative · Filipino psychology: kapwa and pakikipagkapwa

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Communal assistance

Why this connects: Helping people through shared efforts connects with positive joint outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: The paper discusses complexity and limits; cooperation is not attributed to all interactions.

University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies · Printed pp. 5–9: kapwa theory, relational modes and qualifications (opens in a new tab) [32]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Hindu teaching

South Asia and worldwide · Bhagavad Gītā 16.1–2 · Selected faith texts

Selection reviewed: Two passages concerning qualities of character within a diverse global tradition. [7] [19]

Inspiration · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Observant · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Collaborative · Hindu teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [7] [19]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

International secular framework · Humanists International, 2022 · Contemporary ethical declaration

Selection reviewed: The declaration of this international humanist movement, rather than all secular perspectives. [22]

Strength · Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [22]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [22]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Authenticity · Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [22]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [22]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [22]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Accessible · Humanism: Amsterdam Declaration

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [22]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Southeast Asia · Indonesia · a 2020 cooperation initiative · Contemporary application of a community practice

Selection reviewed: The selected official account applies gotong royong to shared support for medical workers. It illustrates a practice in one setting, without establishing all Indonesian beliefs or evaluating clinical outcomes. [33]

Judgement · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Attention to practical needs

Why this connects: Matching support to workers’ circumstances offers a context for considered decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: The account does not demonstrate a complete evidence-based decision process.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Continuing collective effort

Why this connects: An appeal to continue disciplined mutual support offers a setting for persistence.

Boundary of the comparison: The report does not evaluate whether effort was sustained despite obstacles.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Appeal to share and help

Why this connects: A public example of mobilising assistance connects with encouraging constructive action.

Boundary of the comparison: The report does not establish the motivational effect on individual followers.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Protection of medical workers

Why this connects: Providing support during a health emergency connects with harm prevention.

Boundary of the comparison: This mapping neither recommends particular clinical measures nor assesses their effectiveness.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Equitability · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Support matched to need

Why this connects: Locating assistance around workers’ needs connects with proportional provision.

Boundary of the comparison: Universal access and actual distribution outcomes are not established.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Observant · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Communicative · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Coordination among partners

Why this connects: Organising joint support creates a practical need for information exchange.

Boundary of the comparison: Two-way feedback and participative decision-making are not directly described.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Information Aware · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Indirect connection

Source evidence: Assistance in suitable places

Why this connects: Providing help where people can use it is related to accessibility.

Boundary of the comparison: PVL concerns personal availability for dialogue, not accommodation access alone.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Indonesian mutual help: gotong royong

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Public and private partnerships

Why this connects: Connecting organisations for support links with cross-boundary networks.

Boundary of the comparison: The report is one initiative rather than a general account of personal networks.

Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy · 28 March 2020 account: shared facilities, cooperation and community help (opens in a new tab) [33]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Inuit societal values

Arctic / North America · Nunavut’s public account · Community values in a public framework

Selection reviewed: The eight listed Inuit societal values, considered within Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit. The selection is not a statement about every Inuit person or community. [27]

Strength · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Authenticity · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Humour · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Internationally Minded · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Information Aware · Inuit societal values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [27]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Islamic teaching

Worldwide · Qur’an 4:135 and 49:13 · Selected faith texts

Selection reviewed: Selected Qur’anic passages: 4:135, 49:13, 49:6, 3:159 and 5:2. The comparison does not summarise all Islamic ethics, law or lived practice. [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Perseverance · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Inspiration · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Internationally Minded · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Coach · Islamic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [5] [6] [50] [51] [52]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Jain teaching

South Asia and worldwide · JAINA accounts · Faith teaching

Selection reviewed: Selected community explanations of the vows and multiple perspectives. These include particular ascetic commitments and do not summarise every Jain interpretation or impose religious practices through PVL. [36] [37]

Judgement · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Authenticity · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Internationally Minded · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Information Aware · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Jain teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [36] [37]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Japan: educational purposes

Asia · MEXT account of the Basic Act on Education · Educational purposes

Selection reviewed: The cited national educational aims, not a description of every Japanese person’s values. [14]

Strength · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Authenticity · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Culturally Aware · Japan: educational purposes

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Own culture and other countries

Why this connects: Attention to local culture alongside respect for others connects with standpoint awareness.

Boundary of the comparison: Individual beliefs and curiosity are not fully described.

Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology · Selected Basic Act education goals, Article 2(i)–(v) (opens in a new tab) [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Japan: educational purposes

Close alignment

Source evidence: Respect for other countries and contribution to international peace are included.

Why this connects: These directly connect with responsibility beyond national boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: PVL also specifies awareness of complex global interrelationships.

Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology · Educational aims (opens in a new tab) [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Communicative · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with dialogue, shared feedback and participation in decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Accessible · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Japan: educational purposes

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [14]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Jewish rabbinic teaching

Worldwide · Pirkei Avot 1:6 and 4:1 · Selected rabbinic teachings

Selection reviewed: Selected rabbinic sayings; not an account of all Jewish traditions or ethical teaching. [23] [24]

Integrity · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Culturally Aware · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Observant · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Information Aware · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Accessible · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Collaborative · Jewish rabbinic teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [23] [24]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Amazonia / South America · Sarayaku, Ecuador · Community-authored account

Selection reviewed: The Sarayaku community’s own Living Jungle overview. Its account concerns relationships with the forest and safeguarding living beings; it does not speak for all Amazonian peoples. [35]

Judgement · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Authenticity · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Internationally Minded · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Partial alignment

Source evidence: International presentation and shared concern

Why this connects: Taking a community proposal into international forums connects local responsibility with wider concerns.

Boundary of the comparison: Participation in forums alone does not establish the whole PVL definition.

Kichwa people of Sarayaku · Living Jungle overview and international presentation of the declaration (opens in a new tab) [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Equitability · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Observant · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Kichwa Sarayaku: Kawsak Sacha

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [35]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Māori concepts in education

Oceania · Aotearoa New Zealand Ministry of Education · Community concepts in education

Selection reviewed: Whanaungatanga and manaakitanga in Kōwhiti Whakapae, with their particular Māori meanings. [10]

Judgement · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Humour · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Observant · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Māori concepts in education

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [10]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

OECD: global competence

International educational framework · PISA, 2018 · Educational framework

Selection reviewed: The cited framework and its specified intercultural dimensions; not proof of PVL validity. [16] [21]

Integrity · OECD: global competence

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [16] [21]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · OECD: global competence

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [16] [21]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · OECD: global competence

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [16] [21]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · OECD: global competence

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [16] [21]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · OECD: global competence

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [16] [21]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · OECD: global competence

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [16] [21]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

East Africa · Ethiopia · Jimma University scholarly account · Scholarly account of a tradition

Selection reviewed: The abstract and stated findings of Fekede and colleagues’ 2024 review. It addresses peace, justice and relations with people and nature; it is not a comprehensive account of every Oromo community. [29]

Judgement · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Indirect connection

Source evidence: A situated account of peace

Why this connects: Examining how peace is understood offers material for reflecting on cultural standpoint.

Boundary of the comparison: Individual curiosity about another’s beliefs is not directly described.

Alemayehu Fekede and colleagues, Jimma University · Article abstract and stated findings, pp. 136–152 (opens in a new tab) [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Humility · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Communicative · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with dialogue, shared feedback and participation in decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Information Aware · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Oromo ethics: nagaa and Safuu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [29]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Pacific engagement: Yavu

Pacific / Oceania · Ministry for Pacific Peoples, Aotearoa New Zealand · Contemporary engagement framework

Selection reviewed: The four Yavu principles and accompanying web guidance. This contemporary engagement framework recognises Pacific diversity and does not represent every Pacific culture. [31]

Strength · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Humour · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Information Aware · Pacific engagement: Yavu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [31]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Sikh teaching

South Asia and worldwide · SGPC Main Principles · Faith community account

Selection reviewed: The SGPC’s account of principles, service and education within Sikhism. [8]

Judgement · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Humour · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Empathy · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Questioning · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Sikh teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [8]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Singapore: early-learning values

Asia · Ministry of Education, Nurturing Early Learners · Early-childhood framework

Selection reviewed: The Nurturing Early Learners Values overview and linked Care, Respect and Responsibility explanations. These are early-childhood education examples, not every Singaporean’s beliefs. [13] [53] [54] [55]

Judgement · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Perseverance · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Humour · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Internationally Minded · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Questioning · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Connected · Singapore: early-learning values

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [13] [53] [54] [55]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Mediterranean origins and worldwide · Enchiridion · Ethical philosophy

Selection reviewed: Selected sections of Epictetus in Elizabeth Carter’s translation. Self-command and examination of impressions are compared without adopting every ancient social assumption. [44]

Hygiene · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Culturally Aware · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Equitability · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Accessible · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Collaborative · Stoic ethics: Epictetus

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [44]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Ubuntu

Africa · South African Government account · Public account of a tradition

Selection reviewed: A particular public account of a Southern African tradition; not all African philosophies. [2]

Judgement · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Authenticity · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Humour · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Internationally Minded · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Questioning · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Ubuntu

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [2]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

UN Global Compact

International · organisational responsibilities · International organisational framework

Selection reviewed: The introductory commitments and Ten Principles on human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. The framework does not assess every personal leadership behaviour. [45]

Strength · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Perseverance · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Inspiration · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Humility · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · UN Global Compact

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [45]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

UNESCO: cultural diversity

International declaration · 2001 · International declaration

Selection reviewed: Selected articles and action-plan commitments in the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. [1]

Judgement · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Internationally Minded · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Partial alignment

Source evidence: Humanity’s shared cultural heritage creates responsibilities across communities.

Why this connects: A shared human concern connects with responsibility beyond immediate boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: PVL’s full account of national interrelationships is not supplied by this selected connection.

UNESCO · Article 1 and international solidarity (opens in a new tab) [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Observant · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · UNESCO: cultural diversity

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [1]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

VIA character strengths

International psychological classification · VIA Institute · Contemporary psychological framework

Selection reviewed: The Institute’s short descriptions on page 1 of Character Strengths 360. Its 24 strengths are a separate classification from PVL’s 24 Values and do not validate the PVL architecture. [46]

Hygiene · VIA character strengths

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [46]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Internationally Minded · VIA character strengths

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [46]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Accessible · VIA character strengths

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [46]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

International health framework · 2009 · Practical health framework

Selection reviewed: A deliberately narrow practical comparator in health care; not a comprehensive ethical framework. [18]

Strength · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Integrity · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with consistent principled action for the right reasons despite circumstances.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Integrity.

Honesty · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Humility · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Humanity · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self- and social-awareness, kindness and rejection of cruelty.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humanity.

Equitability · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Observant · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Communicative · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with dialogue, shared feedback and participation in decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Accessible · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Collaborative · WHO: hand-hygiene guidance

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with investment in relationships across boundaries for positive shared outcomes.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [18]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Collaborative.

Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Australia · Michael McDaniel’s account, AIATSIS · Community teaching

Selection reviewed: A named Wiradjuri concept explained by Michael McDaniel. It does not represent all Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander traditions. [26]

Perseverance · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Authenticity · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with ethical leadership relationships, truthful self-understanding and openness to followers.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Authenticity.

Inspiration · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with motivation created through a leader’s conduct and example.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Inspiration.

Humour · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Open Minded · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Empathy · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Equitability · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with proportional attention, resources and opportunities for all persons.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Equitability.

Questioning · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Information Aware · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Wiradjuri: yindyamarra

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [26]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

Zoroastrian teaching

Iranian and Parsi traditions worldwide · FEZANA account · Faith community account

Selection reviewed: FEZANA’s short education account of Asha, thoughts, speech, deeds, charity and spiritual equality. The brevity of this source places deliberate limits on the comparisons. [38]

Judgement · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with considered decisions informed by analysis and available facts.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Judgement.

Strength · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with regulation of emotions, thoughts and positive conduct under pressure.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Strength.

Honesty · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with truthful, trustworthy and straightforward conduct.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Honesty.

Perseverance · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with sustained effort despite obstacles or discouragement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Perseverance.

Humour · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with appropriate humour used to encourage people, strengthen teams or enable creativity.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humour.

Hygiene · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with behaviour that protects health or prevents harm to people and the planet.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Hygiene.

Open Minded · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with a fair hearing for unfamiliar or opposing ideas.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Open Minded.

Culturally Aware · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with awareness of one’s own standpoint and curiosity about another person’s.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Culturally Aware.

Internationally Minded · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with responsibility to a global community and awareness of interrelationships.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Internationally Minded.

Humility · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with self-understanding, openness, perspective-taking and absence of self-importance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Humility.

Empathy · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with understanding experience within another person’s frame of reference.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Empathy.

Observant · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with active attention to oneself, other people or the environment for protection and improvement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Observant.

Questioning · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with curiosity and diversity of thought when seeking clarification.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Questioning.

Communicative · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with dialogue, shared feedback and participation in decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Communicative.

Information Aware · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with qualified, validated facts as the basis for decisions.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Information Aware.

Coach · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with helping another person develop skills, attributes or performance.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Coach.

Accessible · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with availability through appropriate times, places and means for two-way engagement.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Accessible.

Connected · Zoroastrian teaching

Reviewed: no clear connection

Review performed: The cited selection was checked against the fixed PVL definition.

Why no connection is recorded: The selected material does not provide a clear basis for linking this Value’s concern with developing relationships across personal, organisational or wider boundaries.

Boundary of the comparison: This is a completed review of the cited selection, not a finding that the whole tradition lacks or rejects the Value. Further passages may support a different conclusion.

Read the source scope for this row. Selected sources: [38]

Read the fixed PVL definition of Connected.

The global alignment matrix · 2026.10.20-r08

All Values. A wider view.

PVL comparative evidence

The fixed PVL definition

An interpretive comparison with a selected source. It does not establish derivation, equivalence, endorsement or validation of the PVL framework.

The same framework in every context

Six integrated Exemplars.
Twenty-four defined Positive Values.

Each Exemplar brings four Values together in an integrated Principle. The official wording and all 24 definitions are preserved below. Read each definition first, then consider the practical demands of exercising it where you are in life. The matrix holds the comparative evidence; the notes below focus on exercising the same defined Value in different circumstances.

Probity

Exemplar 01 / 06

Using power responsibly

IOWL Principle · official wordingOWLs will not use their position to influence, force or coerce any individual, entity or organisation into acts which are harmful to the same. OWLs will also challenge any individual who undertakes any such harmful acts.
Across contexts: The appropriate route for challenging harm can vary. The commitment to take harm seriously remains central.
Four constituent Positive Leadership Values within Probity. The definition stays consistent; the application notes explore the demands of practice.
Positive Leadership ValueExercising the same Value in context
Judgement
Read the IOWL definition
The ability to make considered decisions based on sound analysis having been guided by the Positive Values of Observation, Questioning, Communication and available Information. Judgement is based upon the use of available facts, not on personal opinion, as opinion is absent of fact.
Attentive consideration and critical evaluationTest assumptions with reliable evidence and relevant local knowledge. Neither seniority nor confidence establishes that a claim is true.
Strength
Read the IOWL definition
The ability to regulate your emotions, manage your thoughts, and behave in a positive manner, despite the circumstances.
Self-regulation under pressureEmotional restraint may look different in different settings. Remaining composed should support constructive action when someone faces harm.
Integrity
Read the IOWL definition
Consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. It connotes a deep commitment to do the right thing for the right reason, regardless of the circumstances.
Principle beyond self-interestExamine whether conduct stays aligned when loyalty, status or advantage creates pressure to compromise it.
Honesty
Read the IOWL definition
Honesty is a facet of moral character that connotes positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness, including straightforwardness of conduct, along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc. Honesty also involves being trustworthy, loyal, equitable, fair and sincere.
Truthfulness and trustChoose truthful, respectful language suited to the situation. Honesty can coexist with legitimate confidentiality; it does not license deception.

Potency

Exemplar 02 / 06

Using influence to uplift

IOWL Principle · official wordingOWLs will be inclusive to all, exclusive to none and will uplift people with every interaction.
Across contexts: Positive influence can be quiet, collective or publicly visible. A single model of charisma or self-presentation is unnecessary.
Four constituent Positive Leadership Values within Potency. The definition stays consistent; the application notes explore the demands of practice.
Positive Leadership ValueExercising the same Value in context
Perseverance
Read the IOWL definition
Steady persistence, 'stickability' in a course of tasks or action in spite of difficulties, obstacles or discouragement.
Sustained constructive effortSustain worthwhile effort while remaining willing to change course when evidence, consequences or other Positive Values require it.
Authenticity
Read the IOWL definition
Emphasis on building legitimacy as a leader through honest relationships with followers which value their input, are built on an ethical foundation, with truthful self-concepts and promotion of openness.
Sincerity in relationships and conductTruthful relationships can be expressed through modest, relational or collective styles. Authenticity need not mean unrestricted self-expression.
Inspiration
Read the IOWL definition
Creation of enthusiasm, drive and motivation based on the leaders behaviours and example.
Helping others see and develop possibilityInspiration may come through quiet example, mentoring or shared achievement. Consider whose confidence and agency your influence strengthens.
Humour
Read the IOWL definition
The ability to use culturally and contextually appropriate humour, with a balance of gravity and levity, to encourage and motivate individuals, build stronger teams, cultures and unleash creativity.
Levity governed by cultural judgementPVL’s own definition requires culturally and contextually appropriate humour. Consider language, status, sacred matters and the person receiving it. Using humour is never a reason to humiliate someone.

Planet

Exemplar 03 / 06

Considering resources and wider consequences

IOWL Principle · official wordingOWLs will use resources; human, natural and capital, responsibly in an efficient manner, taking account of and mitigating the organisational, societal, and planetary consequences of their use.
Across contexts: Take local knowledge and material conditions seriously while examining the consequences of resource use beyond the immediate result.
Four constituent Positive Leadership Values within Planet. The definition stays consistent; the application notes explore the demands of practice.
Positive Leadership ValueExercising the same Value in context
Hygiene
Read the IOWL definition
Undertakes behaviour conducive to maintaining health, cleanliness, prevention of harm or disease, to oneself, team, organisation, other people, society and planet.
Preventing avoidable harmApply relevant evidence and support the conditions needed for healthy practice. PVL Hygiene is not a judgement about a culture’s ritual purity or the resources available to it.
Open Minded
Read the IOWL definition
Is receptive to new ideas, believes that others should be free to express their views and that the value of other peoples' knowledge should be recognised. Is able to move beyond or temporarily set aside personal doxastic commitments in order to give a fair and impartial hearing to intellectual opposition.
A fair hearing across differenceListen seriously to unfamiliar perspectives, including criticism of your own assumptions. A fair hearing allows convictions to be examined without requiring uncritical agreement.
Culturally Aware
Read the IOWL definition
An awareness of ones own personal values, beliefs and perceptions, matched with a curiosity and ability to understand the values, beliefs and perceptions of another person..
Recognising one’s own standpoint and others’Ask how the person understands their own context. Nationality, faith or ancestry cannot tell you everything about an individual’s values.
Internationally Minded
Read the IOWL definition
Holds a view of the world in which people are connected to the global community and assume a sense of responsibility to its members. It is an awareness of the inter-relatedness of all nations and peoples, and a recognition of the complexity of these relationships.
Responsibility beyond immediate boundariesConnect local responsibilities with wider effects. International mindedness does not depend on travel, English fluency or abandoning local identity.

People

Exemplar 04 / 06

Treating people with dignity

IOWL Principle · official wordingOWLs will treat people with dignity, respect, and be mindful of the emotional, mental and physical impact they have on the well-being of others.
Across contexts: Respectful conduct must be understood through the experience of those affected, including people outside the dominant group.
Four constituent Positive Leadership Values within People. The definition stays consistent; the application notes explore the demands of practice.
Positive Leadership ValueExercising the same Value in context
Humility
Read the IOWL definition
Humility is multi-dimensional and includes self-understanding, awareness, openness, perspective taking, and an absence of self-importance.
Learning without inflated self-importanceAcknowledge what you do not know and make room for others’ insight. Humility can coexist with justified confidence and the courage to challenge harm.
Empathy
Read the IOWL definition
The capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another's position.
Understanding another person’s experienceAsk, listen and check your interpretation. Imagining how you would feel is only a starting point for understanding how another person actually feels.
Humanity
Read the IOWL definition
The Social Intelligence to know oneself and know others subsuming self- and social-awareness. Displays genuine kindness and abhors cruelty.
Kindness and resistance to crueltyConsider the lived impact on every person affected, especially those with little influence over the decision.
Equitability
Read the IOWL definition
Providing proportional attention, appreciation, resources, and opportunity to succeed, to all persons.
Fair regard and proportionate opportunityAsk what support different people need to participate and succeed. Proportional attention can require different provision for different circumstances.

Perception

Exemplar 05 / 06

Enabling informed understanding

IOWL Principle · official wordingOWLs will encourage and facilitate the exchange of information, not withholding or using information for inequitable advantage.
Across contexts: Responsible information exchange includes relevant privacy and confidentiality. It also requires examining whose voice is missing.
Four constituent Positive Leadership Values within Perception. The definition stays consistent; the application notes explore the demands of practice.
Positive Leadership ValueExercising the same Value in context
Observant
Read the IOWL definition
Maintain alertness and actively pays attention in all contexts and situations. Observing oneself, other people, followers, the environment; in order to protect, develop and improve the same.
Attention before interpretationNotice context and your own reactions. Interpret unfamiliar non-verbal signals cautiously and avoid turning observation into intrusive monitoring.
Questioning
Read the IOWL definition
Encourages diversity of thought and intellectual curiosity when seeking clarification or understanding of an issue.
Seeking clarification and understandingA respectful question may be asked privately, through a representative or in a group. Create a credible route for concerns where public challenge carries a social cost.
Communicative
Read the IOWL definition
Engages people in dialogue, actively shares and seeks feedback, practices participative decision-making, and is open and involved.
Dialogue that respects its participantsAllow time for listening, translation and feedback. Direct speech, indirect speech, silence and mediation need to be understood in their actual context.
Information Aware
Read the IOWL definition
Understands the importance of an evidenced based view, seeking qualified and validated facts to inform decision making; ignoring speculation and opinion.
Scrutiny of what informs a decisionVerify relevant claims and distinguish evidence, inference and uncertainty. Evaluate oral knowledge and local experience carefully rather than dismissing them because they are not written.

Participation

Exemplar 06 / 06

Enabling contribution and development

IOWL Principle · official wordingOWLs will be forthright in engendering a collaborative approach in all working relationships, assisting others where they can, being virtuous and ethical.
Across contexts: Participation can use collective or individual channels. The practical question is whether people can contribute and receive support.
Four constituent Positive Leadership Values within Participation. The definition stays consistent; the application notes explore the demands of practice.
Positive Leadership ValueExercising the same Value in context
Coach
Read the IOWL definition
Recognises the importance of helping others attain optimal performance and improvement; and of positively impacting an individual's personal attributes, such as social interaction or confidence, by helping them develop specific skills, traits and competencies.
Helping another person developDevelopment may happen through elders, peers, apprenticeship or formal coaching. Adapt the relationship to the learner while keeping their growth central.
Accessible
Read the IOWL definition
Ensures personal availability; using appropriate times, places, methods, technology to allow followers to engage in dialogue or two way communication.
Making engagement genuinely possibleProvide suitable ways to engage across language, disability, time, technology and hierarchy. Availability needs workable boundaries and dependable routes of contact.
Connected
Read the IOWL definition
Develops personal networks at an operational, personal, strategic level; across boundaries of organisations, communities, societies, countries, cultures and nations.
Relationships across boundariesValue community relationships as well as professional networks. Build connections that allow knowledge and opportunity to travel beyond an established inner circle.
Collaborative
Read the IOWL definition
Invests time to build relationships, across internal or external organisational boundaries; contexts; communities; in the pursuit of positive outcomes for all.
Working together for positive outcomesWork towards shared outcomes while protecting honest disagreement. Agreement within a group does not make a harmful action positive.
The learner within the context

The definition stays consistent.
The demands of practice can change.

These hypothetical situations show why a Value may be more challenging at one point in life, or within one setting, than another. Each response must still meet the same definition. They are examples for reflection, not accounts of how all members of a culture behave.

Integrity when loyalty is tested

A person may be asked to protect a colleague, employer or relative by overlooking harmful conduct. Integrity remains the same defined commitment. Reflection examines the conflicting loyalties, the consequences and the action needed to maintain that commitment.

Integrity · Judgement · Strength · Humanity

Honesty when truth carries a cost

A learner may find it straightforward to be truthful in everyday conversation and difficult when a mistake threatens their position. Timing and the route of communication require judgement; the definition of Honesty and the expectation of truthful conduct remain consistent.

Honesty · Strength · Empathy · Communicative

Equitability when resources are scarce

A manager may feel pressure to favour an established group. The definition still requires proportional attention, resources and opportunity for all persons. The practical task is to identify needs and make a defensible decision using the resources available.

Equitability · Judgement · Culturally Aware · Humanity

Humour when relationships change

The same workplace can bring together different languages, experiences and positions of authority. The existing PVL definition already requires culturally and contextually appropriate humour. The person must meet that requirement as the people and circumstances around them change.

Humour · Observant · Empathy · Humanity

Reflect on your present circumstances

  1. Read the official definition of each Value.
  2. Identify the Values you find most challenging to exercise now.
  3. Explore the pressures, assumptions or habits that create that challenge.
  4. Plan actions that uphold the defined Values and consider their likely impact.
  5. Review what happened and revisit the challenge as life and responsibility change.
Beyond recognition: a developmental enquiry

Let's Go Deeper.

Understanding the 24 Positive Leadership Values across different cultures can develop progressively. IOWL envisages a short optional companion to Module 4: The Positive Value Leadership Framework in Foundation, Keystone and Capstone, with a more demanding programme as a potential future route towards Senior Fellowship.

Foundation · proposed companion

Recognise

Can the same Value be demonstrated in different ways? Distinguish a positive commitment from a familiar personal or cultural style.

Keystone · proposed companion

Interpret

Why can language, relationships and expectations change the apparent meaning of behaviour? Learn to question assumptions before judging.

Capstone · proposed companion

Exercise judgement

How should a leader respond when Values, obligations or expected outcomes appear to conflict? Examine evidence and justify an action.

Senior Fellowship · future concept

Critically investigate

How can PVL's global applicability be researched, challenged, defended and responsibly advanced through philosophical and empirical enquiry?

These additional learning elements and Senior Fellowship are proposals, not currently offered courses or conferred designations. The established Foundation, Keystone and Capstone course structures are unchanged by this page.

The framework and its wider connections

A defined foundation.
A referenced global perspective.

The 24 Positive Values and six Exemplars provide the normative foundation. The comparison on this page places that defined framework alongside selected primary texts, community accounts and educational frameworks. It shows recognisable points of contact while preserving the precise meaning of each PVL Value.

Some connections use an explicit shared term, such as Honesty or Humility. Others concern a related function, such as the connection between critical understanding and Information Aware. These comparisons are IOWL's analysis; the cited traditions retain their own identities and meanings.

Does PVL claim to have disproved ethical relativism?

No. Ethical relativism is a contested philosophical position. PVL articulates a defined, non-relativist normative basis for developing and evaluating conduct: customs, preferences and local approval do not in themselves settle what counts as positive. The matrix and the examples are comparative evidence and illustrations, not a philosophical proof of objective moral truth. [56]

How do we avoid contextual misunderstanding?

Start with the official Value definition; establish the person's intended meaning and relevant language or cultural context; examine the actual behaviour and the experience of those affected; then evaluate reasons and consequences against the six Principles and all relevant Values. If new evidence changes the picture, revisit the initial judgement. Do not assume that a nationality or belief uniquely determines how an individual behaves.

If two expressions differ, can both be positive?

Potentially. For example, both direct and private truthful correction may satisfy Honesty; a public or private challenge may support Questioning. Neither route receives automatic approval: the reasons, accuracy, access, consequences and interaction with other Values must be examined.

Why mention Derrida if PVL retains fixed definitions?

Because an authoritative operational definition does not remove every ambiguity of language, translation or application. Deconstruction can help reveal assumptions and exclusions in an interpretation. IOWL retains its definitions as a common reference while taking those interpretive risks seriously; it does not claim that Derrida endorsed or validated PVL. [57]

Does adopting PVL or PCD require a particular political position?

PVL and Perpetual Calibre Development (PCD) are politically agnostic. They provide a common foundation for developing and examining leadership across political and institutional contexts. The reference points are the defined Positive Values and Principles, a person’s conduct and the consequences of their actions.

Political agnosticism preserves the full Values baseline. The same commitments guide reflection and development in every setting, including how power is exercised, how people are treated and how resources are used.

Do the comparisons make PVL a religious or philosophical model?

PVL provides IOWL’s own defined leadership framework. Its use does not require adherence to any faith or worldview represented in the matrix. The comparisons help people recognise points of contact from different starting positions. They are not statements that PVL is derived from, belongs to, or is endorsed by any one of those traditions.

Is this a model driven by Western values?

PVL is designed as a globally applicable Positive Values framework. Its underlying concerns have recognisable connections across African, Asian, Indigenous, religious, secular and international approaches, as the references show. IOWL's Belfast origins are part of its history; the model is not restricted to the cultural context of its origin. Its own Values include Open Minded, Culturally Aware and Internationally Minded.

Does local deployment allow the definitions to change?

No. The 24 definitions and six Principles remain the common baseline. Local deployment concerns faithful language, accessible learning, relevant examples and actions that meet the same commitments in real circumstances. A person or institution cannot redefine a Value to remove the difficulty of exercising it.

Can a person or organisation add other positive values?

Yes. The framework establishes a common foundation that can be enriched by further positive personal, organisational or cultural commitments. Those additions preserve the full baseline and its definitions.

Does global applicability mean identical experiences or priorities?

No. Different responsibilities, pressures and experiences make some Values more challenging at particular times. The learner examines those challenges against the same definitions. Positive Values remain relevant as the person's life, work and context change.

What if a local expectation conflicts with a defined Value?

That tension becomes a subject for reflection and responsible action. Cultural understanding helps the learner understand the circumstances and choose a credible response. The same PVL definitions remain the basis for examining the action and its consequences. UNESCO also connects respect for cultural diversity with human dignity and rights. [1]

What does the comparative evidence establish?

The references substantiate what the selected sources say; the PVL connections are comparative interpretations. They support the argument for global relevance without claiming that every person already agrees with the model, that the cited institutions endorse it, or that each country has empirically validated the complete PVL architecture.

Schwartz's 2012 overview reports evidence from 82 countries for his own theory of basic values, alongside differences in value priorities. It provides relevant research context; it is not a test of PVL's 24-Value architecture. [17]

PVL's ambition to offer an efficacious common baseline is a design purpose. Claims about relative effectiveness, learning outcomes or cross-context assessment require their own evidence. The comparisons here are illustrative rather than a systematic review or an account of the historical selection process.

Read the sources

References and reading.

Source links support the comparisons above. IOWL’s official framework wording is also presented on the Leadership Exemplars page; the rationale for the defined baseline is explained in Why 24 Positive Values?

  1. UNESCO. Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001)Articles 1–5 and the action plan: cultural plurality, participation, dialogue and human dignity.
  2. South African Government. Reigniting the spirit of ubuntu (2023)A South African account of interdependence, compassion, dignity and mutual support.
  3. Confucius. Analects, Books 16–17; James Legge translation, Internet Classics Archive, MITEspecially 16.10 on attentive seeing, listening, sincerity and asking when in doubt; 17.6 on sincerity and kindness.
  4. Buddhist Pāli canon. Saṃyutta Nikāya 45.8: Analysis; Bhikkhu Bodhi translationRight intention, speech, action, effort and mindfulness. The comparison concerns selected features, not the whole Buddhist path.
  5. Qur’an. 4:135; translation by Dr Mustafa Khattab, Quran.comJustice and truthful testimony even where personal or family interests are implicated.
  6. Qur’an. 49:13; translation by Dr Mustafa Khattab, Quran.comHuman plurality and coming to know one another across peoples and tribes.
  7. Bhagavad Gītā. 16.2; translations hosted by Gita Supersite, IIT KanpurNon-injury, truthfulness, restraint of anger, compassion and gentleness.
  8. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. Main PrinciplesIts Sikh account connects honest livelihood, service to others and purposeful education.
  9. Christian New Testament. Philippians 2:3–4; King James VersionHumility and concern for the interests of others.
  10. New Zealand Ministry of Education. Kōwhiti Whakapae: What do Whanaungatanga me Manaakitanga refer to?Māori concepts of relationship, reciprocal care, hospitality and collective responsibility in this educational context.
  11. Seven Generations Education Institute. Seven Grandfather TeachingsAn Anishinaabe educational account, including honesty, humility, bravery and wisdom. It does not represent all Indigenous peoples.
  12. National Assembly of Ecuador. En el 2008 se instauró un nuevo poder constituyente… (2013)An institutional account of Buen Vivir, social priorities and a plurinational, intercultural society. This is a specific public-policy account.
  13. Singapore Ministry of Education. Nurturing Early Learners: ValuesThe early-learning framework identifies care, honesty, respect and responsibility.
  14. Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Universal Mission of EducationIts account of the Basic Act on Education includes truth, responsibility, cooperation, respect for life and nature, and respect for other countries.
  15. Council of Europe. Model of Competences: selected componentsSelected descriptions of openness, empathy, observation, critical understanding and cooperation.
  16. OECD. Global competenceKnowledge, skills, attitudes and values applied to global issues and intercultural situations.
  17. Schwartz, S. H.. An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values (2012)Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1116. Evidence concerning Schwartz’s theory, not validation of PVL.
  18. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care (2009)A specific international health reference relevant to harm prevention; it is not a definition of the whole PVL Hygiene Value.
  19. Bhagavad Gītā. 16.1; Swami Gambhirananda translation, Gita Supersite, IIT KanpurPersistence in knowledge and yoga, alongside self-control, study and other qualities.
  20. Council of Europe. 2016 competence model, chapter 6: The model — selected descriptionsSelected material on critical thinking, observation, empathy, openness, self-understanding and cooperation. Printed page numbers are used below.
  21. OECD. Preparing our Youth for an Inclusive and Sustainable World: The OECD PISA Global Competence Framework (2018)The four dimensions, information evaluation, perspective-taking, intercultural communication and global mindedness. Printed page numbers are used below.
  22. Humanists International. Declaration of Modern Humanism / Amsterdam Declaration (2022)An international secular humanist declaration: human dignity, responsibility, inquiry and cooperation across beliefs.
  23. Jewish rabbinic tradition. Pirkei Avot 1:6, SefariaTeachers, companions and a favourable approach to judging others; a specific rabbinic teaching.
  24. Jewish rabbinic tradition. Pirkei Avot 4:1, SefariaLearning from others and mastery of one’s impulses; a specific rabbinic teaching.
  25. Lao-tzu. Tao-te Ching, Part II; James Legge translation, Internet Classics Archive, MITSelected chapters on gentleness, restraint, humility, sincerity and recognising the limits of knowledge. These do not summarise all Daoist traditions.
  26. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Code of Ethics: Michael McDaniel’s account of Wiradjuri yindyamarraA named Wiradjuri concept as explained by Michael McDaniel; not a single ethics system for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
  27. Government of Nunavut. Inuit Societal Values: eight guiding valuesA specific public account of Inuit values concerning care, welcome, service, discussion, learning, cooperation, resourcefulness and the environment.
  28. Kwame Gyekye. African Ethics: selected Akan examples and philosophical argumentSections 3–9: an authored philosophical account using Akan concepts and maxims, rather than a claim to represent every African community.
  29. Alemayehu Fekede and colleagues, Jimma University. Oromoo Concept of Peace: An Exploration of its Values and Guiding Mechanisms (2024)Gadaa Journal 7(1), pp. 136–152. The abstract and stated findings on nagaa, Safuu, human relationships and nature are the selected material; the authors acknowledge gaps in regional coverage.
  30. UNESCO. The Agdal system sustaining landscapes and livelihoods in Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve (2025)A specific account of Amazigh Agdal resource management and Tanast water sharing in Morocco, including collective rules, observation and knowledge transmission.
  31. New Zealand Ministry for Pacific Peoples. Yavu: Foundations of Pacific Engagement ToolThe four principles and engagement guidance in this contemporary Pacific framework developed in Aotearoa New Zealand; not a single tradition for the whole Pacific.
  32. University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies. Understanding Pakikipagkapwa Through Analytics (2024), discussion paper 2024-11Printed pp. 5–9 on kapwa, relational categories, shared perception and competing interpretations. The paper’s empirical qualifications are part of this comparison.
  33. Indonesia Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. Hotels and transportation for medical workers: a practical account of gotong royong (28 March 2020)An English-language official account of a particular cooperation initiative and appeal to mutual help. The comparison does not assess the effectiveness of its clinical measures.
  34. Peru Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion. Del pueblo para el pueblo: Núcleos Ejecutores and Andean reciprocal practices (2026)A contemporary institutional explanation of ayni as reciprocal help and minka as collective community work. The comparison is restricted to those descriptions.
  35. Kichwa people of Sarayaku. Kawsak Sacha: Living JungleThe community’s own overview of living relationships with the forest, cultural continuity, safeguarding living beings and its international presentation of the declaration.
  36. Federation of Jain Associations in North America. The Five Maha-vratas: selected explanations of the vowsNon-harm, truth, non-stealing and restraint. The source explicitly distinguishes truthfulness from speech that causes harm; ascetic commitments are not imposed by PVL.
  37. Federation of Jain Associations in North America. About Jainism: non-harm, non-absolutism and non-possessivenessA community account of central practices, including recognition of multiple perspectives. Intellectual humility is compared without treating harmful conduct as equally acceptable.
  38. Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America. Religion education: ZoroastrianismThe short account of Asha, the relationship between thought, speech and action, charity and spiritual equality. It is not a complete account of Zoroastrian ethics.
  39. Bahá’í Reference Library. Consultation: A Compilation, extracts 9–10, 13–14, 18–21Selected passages on motives, composure, openness, counsel and relationships. Their religious and institutional context is retained in the boundaries of comparison.
  40. Bahá’í International Community. Uniting Humanity: one human familySelected paragraphs on unity in diversity, interdependence, reciprocity and shared responsibility for the planet.
  41. Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics, Book II; W. D. Ross translation, Internet Classics Archive, MITII.1–4 on learning, practice and character; II.6–7 on conduct, circumstances and the mean. Selected comparisons do not endorse the whole ancient social order.
  42. Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV; W. D. Ross translation, Internet Classics Archive, MITIV.1, 3, 5–8 on giving, self-appraisal, anger, truthfulness, friendliness and wit. Differences concerning pride and status are explicitly acknowledged.
  43. Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI; W. D. Ross translation, Internet Classics Archive, MITVI.5, 7–11: practical wisdom, deliberation, particulars, understanding and advice. Its account of knowledge is not identical to PVL’s evidential standard.
  44. Epictetus. Enchiridion; Elizabeth Carter translation, Internet Classics Archive, MITSelected sections 1, 5, 10, 20, 24, 33, 42–46 and 49–52: examination of impressions, self-command, consistency, learning and relations with others.
  45. United Nations Global Compact. The Ten PrinciplesThe introduction and principles concerning human rights, labour, environmental responsibility and anti-corruption; a voluntary organisational framework.
  46. VIA Institute on Character. Character Strengths 360: short descriptions of the 24 strengthsPage 1: the Institute’s own concise descriptions. VIA’s 24 character strengths form a different classification from PVL’s 24 defined Values.
  47. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. Compilation of Key Documents, Volume 1: Environmental Protocol, Articles 2–3, 6, 10–15An international environmental framework applying in Antarctica. The comparisons concern planning, monitoring, information, cooperation and environmental protection, rather than an Indigenous tradition.
  48. Buddhist Pāli canon. DN 31, Sigalovada Sutta; Narada Thera translationSelected passages on friends, teachers and pupils, employers and workers, care during illness and reciprocal responsibilities. Historical social arrangements are not adopted as a PVL requirement.
  49. Christian New Testament. Romans 12; King James VersionSelected verses on sincere care, patience, hospitality, teaching, sharing according to need and responding to others’ experiences.
  50. Qur’an. 49:6; Dr Mustafa Khattab translation, Quran.comVerification of news before action that may harm people; the comparison concerns this specific instruction.
  51. Qur’an. 3:159; Dr Mustafa Khattab translation, Quran.comGentleness, forgiveness and consultation in a particular religious context.
  52. Qur’an. 5:2; Dr Mustafa Khattab translation, Quran.comSelected instruction to cooperate in good conduct and refrain from aggression, including under provocation.
  53. Singapore Ministry of Education. Nurturing Early Learners: CareThe explanation and examples of emotional awareness, encouragement and practical support.
  54. Singapore Ministry of Education. Nurturing Early Learners: RespectListening to other ideas, appreciation of diversity and attentive, polite engagement.
  55. Singapore Ministry of Education. Nurturing Early Learners: ResponsibilityAccepting consequences, dependable contribution and practical routines in shared settings.
  56. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Moral RelativismDistinguishes descriptive cultural disagreement from claims about the relativity of moral truth or justification; revised 2026.
  57. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Jacques DerridaScholarly overview of deconstruction, language, difference and ethical concerns; an interpretive lens, not proof of PVL universality.
  58. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. HermeneuticsInterpretation, history, language and the limits of understanding; revised 2025.
  59. Shalom H. Schwartz (2012). An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic ValuesCross-cultural evidence concerning a different, explicitly specified set of basic human values; not a validation of IOWL's 24 Values.

Framework wording: IOWL’s 2026 PVL reference. Global applicability framing and comparative matrix updated 19 October 2026. Comparative references consulted 18–19 October 2026.

Explore Positive Value Leadership.

Follow the common Positive Values foundation into reflection, development, Calibre and responsible action in the circumstances of real life.